Ndinaya
Mgbe a na -ekwu maka ogige, a na -emekarị ntụtụ aka ogige kemịkal, nke ahụ bụ, na ihe ndị mejupụtara kemịkal abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na -ejikọ n'otu ụzọ na nha.
Ndị Njirimara physico-chemical nke ogige abụghị otu ihe ahụ nke ihe kemịkal na -eme ya iche.
Enwere ọtụtụ puku ihe atụ nke ogige kemịkalụ gbara anyị gburugburu, eke na sịntetik, nke ọ bụla nwere njirimara nke ya. Site na nnu tebụl ma ọ bụ shuga nke anyị ji eme ihe anyị na -eri kwa ụbọchị, ma ọ bụ ncha na ịcha ọcha nke anyị na -eji ehicha, ruo na ọgwụ ndị anyị na -ewere iji belata ihe mgbu anyị ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọrịa anyị nwere ogige kemịkal dị iche iche.
Nhazi
Ebe ọ bụ na e nwere ọtụtụ ogige kemịkal, ọ na -abụkarị ịnwa ịhazi ha n'ụzọ ụfọdụ. N'ozuzu, a na -ekewa ha n'òtù abụọ buru ibu: ogige organic na ogige inorganic:
- Organic: Ha nwere opekata mpe carbon na hydrogen na molekul ha, n'etiti ha bụ ihe dị mkpa dịka hydrocarbons, mmanụ ọkụ kpochapụwo; protein ma ọ bụ abụba.
- Inorganic: Ha enweghị carbon dị ka ihe dị mkpa, mana ha jikọtara ihe ndị ọzọ (dịka nitrogen, sọlfọ, ígwè, oxygen ma ọ bụ potassium), iji mepụta nnu, oxides, hydroxidesna asịd. Ka o sina dị, eriri USB na -akọwapụta na enwere salts na acid.
Dabere n'ụdị njikọ nke na -eme n'etiti ihe ọkụkụ, ị nwere ike ịnwe ogige ionic ma ọ bụ covalent:
- Ogige Ionic: Ha na -ejikọ ọnụ site na cation na anion site na mmasị nke ọdịiche dị na ebubo kpatara.
- Ogige covalent: A na -ekekọrịta elektrọn ya.
Ogige kemịkalụ na -anọchite anya nke ha usoro nhazi ma ọ bụ ọkara mepụtara. Ha na -enyekwa aka n'ịghọta ka esi emepụta ogige kemịkal. ụdị akụkụ atọ, ọkachasị ma ọ bụrụ na ha bụ ụmụ irighiri ihe dị mgbagwoju anya nke nwere mpịachi, dị ka protein.
Ọ nwere ike ijere gị ozi:
- Ihe Nlereanya nke ogige kemịkalụ
Ihe Nlereanya nke ogige kemịkal
Edepụtara ụfọdụ ogige kemịkal n'okpuru:
- Methylene acha anụnụ anụnụ
- Ferric chloride
- Mmiri
- Methane
- Streptomycin
- Ethanol
- Glycerol
- Sodium sulfate
- Calcium nitrate
- Ọbara glucose
- Cellobiose
- Xylitol
- Uric acid
- Chlorophyll
- Urea
- ọla kọpa sulphate
- Nitric acid
- Lactic acid
- Carbon monoxide
- Lactose