20 Ihe Nlereanya nke Mmegharị Ọdịmma na Nke Na -adịghị Mma - Encyclopedia

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Ọmụmaatụ nke mkpali dị mma
Ọmụmaatụ nke mkpali ọjọọ

A na -akpọ ya catalysis maka usoro kemịkalụ nke na -agba ma ọ bụ na -ebelata mmeghachi omume kemịkal, site na mgbakwunye nke ihe ma ọ bụ mmewere, ma dị mfe na ngwakọta, nke na -agbanwe oge mmeghachi omume na -emetụtaghị ọdịdị nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ nke otu na, Ọzọkwa, na -efufu oke nke ya na usoro, nke ọ na -eme na reagents.

Nke a mmewere a na -akpọ mkpali. Mmeghachi omume kemịkal ọ bụla nwere mkpali kwesịrị ekwesị, nke nwere ike mee ngwangwa, bulie ma ọ bụ kwalite (ezigbo mkpali), ma ọ bụ na nwayọ nwayọ, ibelata na ike (mkpali ọjọọ) usoro gị. A na -akpọkarị nke ikpeazụ dị ka ihe mgbochi.

Hụkwa: Ihe atụ nke mkpali (yana ọrụ ha)

Ọmụmaatụ nke mkpali dị mma

Okpomọkụ. Ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume kemịkal nwere ike mee ngwa ngwa na -agbanweghị ngwaahịa ha, naanị site n'ịbawanye okpomọkụ nke mmeghachi omume. N'ihi nke a irekasị nke okwu na -eme nke ọma na mpaghara ebe okpomọkụ.
Enzymes. Dị ka o kwesịrị ịdị, anụ ahụ dị ndụ ekewapụrụ ya, enzymes na -arụ ọrụ dị mkpa, na -eme ngwangwa usoro dị mkpa nke, ọ bụrụ na ha mere n'onwe ha, ga -achọ okpomọkụ nke na -adabaghị na ndụ. (lee: enzymes digestive)
Ihe mkpali Palladium. Maka ụgbọ ala ndị na -eji mmanụ ọkụ na -enweghị isi, ọkpọkọ nwere palladium ma ọ bụ platinum na obere irighiri ihe na -agbaso mkpochapu nke ụgbọ ala, ha nwere ike kpalite usoro mgbada nke carbon monoxide na gas ndị ọzọ na -egbu egbu nke ọkụ, na -enye ohere belata ha. ihe dị ize ndụ n'oge ndekọ.
Ihe ndị na -emepụta fluorine. Ha na -eme ngwangwa nke mbibi ozone (O₃O + O₂) na ikuku oxygen, mmeghachi omume na -adịkarị nwayọ. Nke a bụ nsogbu nke ikuku na friji na -ewepụta CFC n'ime ikuku: ha na -eme ka ozone oyi baa n'echiche a.
Magnesium dioxide (MnO₂). Ihe na -eme ugboro ugboro na mbibi nke hydrogen peroxide ma ọ bụ hydrogen peroxide (2H₂Ma ọ bụ₂H 2H₂O + O₂) n'ime mmiri na ikuku oxygen.
Nickel. A na -eji ya na hydrogenation nke mmanụ ihe oriri, iji nweta margarine, ebe ọla a na -eme ka usoro ịnweta lipids juru eju.
Ọlaọcha. Polycrystalline silver na nanoporose bụ ndị na -eme ngwa ngwa nke carbon dioxide (CO₂) site na electrocatalysis.
Aluminom chloride. Onye ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical iji mee ka nrụpụta nke resin sịntetik ma ọ bụ lubricants, na -enweghị agbanwe ọdịdị siri ike nke hydrocarbons na ajụjụ, ebe ọ nwere acidic na ihe ndị bụ isi n'otu oge (ihe amphoteric).
Irongwè. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe mkpali na usoro Haber-Bosch iji nweta amonia site na hydrogen na nitrogen.
Ìhè UV. Ìhè Ultraviolet, yana a mkpali kpọmkwem, na -eme fotocatalysis: ngwangwa nke mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ site na ọrụ nke mkpali nke ike ọkụ nke ultraviolet na -arụ ọrụ.

Ọmụmaatụ nke mkpali ọjọọ

Okpomọkụ. Dị nnọọ ka mmụba nke okpomọkụ na -eme ngwangwa usoro kemịkal, mbelata na -egbu oge ha. Nke a bụ ụkpụrụ nke friji, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nke na -agbatịkwu ndụ nri site na idobe ya na obere okpomọkụ.
Citric acid. Acid nke lemon na mkpụrụ osisi citrus ndị ọzọ na -ebelata usoro oxidation nke organic ihe.
Ndị na -egbochi enzyme. Ihe ndị dị ndụ na -ejikọ enzymes ma belata ọrụ ha, iji kwụsị usoro kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọmụmụ. A na -ejikarị ha alụ ọgụ microorganisms pathogenic, na -egbochi ụfọdụ usoro dị mkpa maka imepụtaghachi ya.
Potassium chlorate. A na -eji ya eme ihe na -acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke a na -ekpuchi nchara magnetite iji belata ma ọ bụ gbochie usoro nsị ya.
Sorbic acid. A na -eji ihe eji echekwa ihe eji eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ nri iji mee ka nri kwụsịlata.
Tetraethyl ụzọ. N'ime mmanụ ụgbọ ala na -adabaghịzi ugbu a, ejiri ihe a mee ihe mgbochi, ya bụ, iji gbochie mgbawa ya akaghị aka.
Propanoic acid. Mmiri na -enweghị ụcha, nke na -emebi emebi nke nwere isi na -esi ísì, ọ dabara adaba maka ichekwa nri, nri na ngwaahịa ọgwụ, ebe ọ bụ ihe mgbochi na -emebi ihe na ebu.
Sọlfọ na mmepụta ya. Ogige ndị a na -arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na -egbochi ezigbo catalysis nke platinum ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ nickel na mmeghachi omume hydrogenation. Ọdịdị sọlfọ na -akwụsị mmetụta ya na mmeghachi omume na -alaghachi na ọsọ ọsọ ya.
Hydrocyanic (ma ọ bụ prussic) acid. Nnukwu nsí, mmetụta ọ na -enwe n'ahụ anụmanụ ma ọ bụ mmadụ na -egbochi usoro nke ọtụtụ metalloenzymes, si otú a na -egbochi iku ume ekwentị ma na -akpata ọnwụ n'ime nkeji ole na ole.
Mercury, phosphorus, ma ọ bụ uzu arsenic. Ihe ndị a na -akagbu ihe platinum asbestos na -emepụta sọlfọ acid, na -eme dị ka ihe mgbochi siri ike.