Ndinaya
Aoxide bụ ngwakọta kemịkal nke na -esite na njikọta nke a dara mmewere ma ọ bụ na-abụghị ọla na oxygen. N'ime usoro kemịkal, a na -eche reagent (metal + oxygen) n'akụkụ aka ekpe yana ngwaahịa sitere na ya n'akụkụ aka nri. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nchikota nke calcium na oxygen ga -emepụta calcium oxide.
N'ezie, na -emekarị oxides Emebere ha n'ọnọdụ ebe ihe kemịkal jikọtara na ikuku ma ọ bụ mmiri, nke nwere nnukwu ikuku oxygen: nke a na -ebute ihe na -eyi ihe, ọkachasị mgbe ọ bịara. ọla. Iji dozie nke a, a na -ejikarị ihe antioxidant eme ihe.
N'ime oxides, a na -eme nhazi ọkwa dabere na ihe ejikọtara oxygen:
- Isi oxides: ngwongwo ngwakọta nke ngwakọta ọla na oxygen.
- Ọkpụkpụ acid: ngwongwo ngwakọta nke ngwakọta ihe na -abụghị ọla na oxygen.
- Amphoteric oxide: ihe amphoteric na -etinye aka na ogige ahụ, yabụ oxides na -arụ ọrụ dị ka acid ma ọ bụ ntọala.
Nhọpụta
Iji kpọọ ụdị ihe ndị a, enwere ụzọ atọ iji mee ya:
Ndị nomenclature omenala (ma ọ bụ stoichiometric): Ọ bụ nke na -akpọ aha valence nke aha aha akpọrọ aha, site n'usoro na nganiihu. Ụzọ akpọrọ oxide ọ bụla dịgasị iche dabere na ọnụọgụ valence nke ihe ahụ nwere.
- Mgbe mmewere nwere naanị otu valence, a ga-akpọ oxide 'oxide (yana mmewere nwere mgbakwunye' ico ', dịka potassium oxide)’
- Mgbe mmewere nwere valence abụọ, a ga-akpọ oxide ahụ 'oxide (yana mmewere nwere mgbakwunye' ico ', dịka ferric oxide) 'Maka nnukwu valence, yana' oxide (yana mmewere nwere mgbakwunye 'bear' wuru, dịka ferrous oxide)’
- Mgbe mmewere nwere valence atọ, a ga -akpọ oxide ahụ 'oxide (yana mmewere nwere nganiihu' hiccup 'na mgbakwunye' bear ', dị ka hyposulfurous oxide) 'Maka ọnụ ala dị ala, a ga -akpọ ya' oxide (yana ihe nwere mmejupụta 'bear', dị ka sulfurous oxide) maka valence dị n'etiti, na 'oxide (yana mmewere nwere mgbakwunye' ico ', dịka sọlfọ oxide)’
- Mgbe mmewere nwere valence anọ, a ga -akpọ oxide:
- 'Oxide (yana mmewere nwere nganiihu' hiccup 'na mgbakwunye' bear ')' 'maka ọnụ ala kacha ala. Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, oxidehypochlorous.
- 'Oxide (yana mmewere nwere mgbakwunye' bear ') maka obere valence nke abụọ. Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, chlorous oxide.
- 'Oxide (yana mmewere nwere mgbakwunye' '' '))' maka valence nke abụọ kachasị. Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, chloric oxide.
- 'Oxide (yana mmewere nwere nganiihu' per 'na mgbakwunye' '')) 'maka nnukwu valence. Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, perchloric oxide.
Ndị nhazi nomenclature Ọ dị mfe karịa nke ọdịnala, a na -akpọkwa oxide na element, mana tupu edee onye ọ bụla n'ime ha ọnụ ọgụgụ atọm dị na molekul ahụ. Nkọwapụta 'mono' ga -abụ maka otu atọm, prefix 'di' maka abụọ, 'tri' maka atọ, 'tetra' maka anọ, 'penta' maka ise, 'hexa' maka isii, '' hepta 'maka asaa yana' octo 'maka asatọ. Otu a gụnyere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị dichopper monoxide, nke Nke atọ dialuminium trioxide, nke carbon dioxide, ma ọ bụ difluorine monoxide.
Ndị Nomenclature nke ngwaahịaN'ikpeazụ, ọ dabere na ide okwu oxide, na -esote aha ọla ahụ na oxidation ma ọ bụ nọmba valence nke ọ na -arụ ọrụ, na ntinye na na ọnụọgụ Rome. N'ihe yiri nomenclature ọdịnala, a ga -ede ya chlorine (I) oxide maka oxide hypochlorous, chlorine (II) oxide maka oxide chlorous, chlorine (III) oxide maka chloric oxide, na chlorine (IV) oxide maka perchloric oxide.
Soro ya:
- Kedu ka esi akpọ acid?
