Ndinaya
Ndịhydroxides sitere na nchikota a metal oxide (nke a na -akpọkwa oxides isi) na mmiri. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na -enye ihe mejupụtara hydroxides site na ihe atọ: oxygen, hydrogen na metal a na -ekwu. Na ngwakọta, igwe na -arụ ọrụ mgbe niile dị ka cation na akụkụ hydroxide otu na -arụ ọrụ dị ka anion.
Hydroxides n'ozuzu na -ekerịta ọtụtụ njirimara, dị ka inwe ụtọ ilu dị ka ncha, ịmị amị na mmetụ, ịbụ ihe na -emebi emebi, inwe ihe nchacha na ncha, ịgbari mmanụ na sọlfọ, na imeghachi omume na acid iji mepụta nnu.
N'aka nke ọzọ, ụfọdụ njirimara akọwapụtara maka ụdị hydroxide ọ bụla, dị ka sodium, nke na -amịkọrọ carbon dioxide na mmiri ngwa ngwa; nke calcium nke enwetara na mmeghachi omume nke calcium oxide na mmiri; ma ọ bụ iron (II) nke bụ ihe anaghị agbaze na mmiri.
Kedu ihe eji ha eme?
Ngwa nke hydroxides dịkwa iche n'etiti okwu dị iche iche:
- Ndị sodium hydroxide, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ejikọtara ya na ụlọ ọrụ ncha na mma na ngwaahịa nlekọta ahụ.
- Ndị calcium hydroxideN'aka nke ya, ọ nwere ọrụ etiti na usoro ụfọdụ dịka ịnweta carbonate sodium.
- Ndị lithium hydroxide A na -eji ya arụpụta seramiiki, ebe a na -eji magnesium eme ihe dị ka ihe na -egbu egbu ma ọ bụ na -egbu egbu.
- Ndị ígwè hydroxide Ha na -eji na usoro nke fertilizing osisi.
Nkpọpụta aha
Banyere ọtụtụ ngwakọta kemịkal, enwere nomenclatures dị iche iche maka hydroxides:
- Ndị nomenclature omenala, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụ nke na -amalite site na okwu hydroxide na -eso mmewere mana na -eburu n'uche otu o si eme ya: mgbe ọ nwere otu valence a ga -eji njedebe 'ico' mee ihe, mgbe ha abụọ nwere ọ bụrụ onye nwere valence kacha elu na -ejedebe 'bear' na onye nwere obere njedebe na 'ico', yana mgbe ọ na -arụ ọrụ na valence atọ ma ọ bụ anọ, a ga -atụkwasịkwa mmalite 'hiccup' ma ọ bụ 'per' dị ka ikpe nwere ike. bụrụ.
- Ndị Nomenclature nke ngwaahịa bụ nke na -eji okwu hydroxide, mana kama ijikọ ya na otu mkpụrụ okwu, ọ na -eji ntinye okwu 'nke' wee were ọla, na -etinye vaults na nkpa.
- Ndị nhazi nomenclature ọ bụ nke na -ebu ụzọ mee ngụgụ nọmba na okwu hydroxide.
Ihe atụ nke hydroxides
- Lead (II) hydroxide, Pb (OH)2, ndu dihydroxide.
- Platinum (IV) hydroxide, Pt (OH)4, platinum quadhydroxide.
- Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)4, vanadium tetrahydroxide.
- Ferrous hydroxide, Fe (OH)2, iron dihydroxide.
- Mmiri (IV) hydroxide, Pb (OH) 4, tetrahydroxide na -eduga.
- Silver hydroxide, AgOH, ọla ọcha hydroxide.
- Cobalt Hydroxide, Co (OH)2, cobalt dihydroxide.
- Manganese hydroxide, igwe (OH)3, manganese trihydroxide.
- Ferric hydroxide, Fe (OH)3, iron trihydroxide.
- Cupric hydroxide, Cu (OH)2, ọla kọpa dihydroxide.
- Aluminom hydroxide, Al (OH)3, aluminom trihydroxide.
- Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, sodium hydroxide.
- Strontium hydroxide, Sr (OH)2, strontium dihydroxide.
- Magnesium hydroxide, Mg (OH)2, magnesium dihydroxide.
- Ammonium hydroxide, NH4Oh, ammonium hydroxide.
- Cadmium hydroxide, CD (OH)2, cadmium dihydroxide.
- Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)3, vanadium trihydroxide.
- Mercuric hydroxide, Hg (OH)2, mercury dihydroxide.
- Cuprous hydroxide, CuOH, ọla kọpa hydroxide.
- Lithium hydroxide, LiOH, lithium hydroxide.
Mgbe ụfọdụ, hydroxides nwere aha ndị a na -enyekarị site n'iji ha eme ihe, dị ka sodium hydroxide nke a na -akpọkwa caustic soda, potassium hydroxide nke a na -akpọ caustic potash, calcium hydroxide nke a na -akpọ mmiri lime ma ọ bụ lime emenyụ, a na -akpọkwa magnesium mmiri ara ehi. magnesia.
- Soro ya: Ihe atụ nke hydroxides (kọwara)
