Ndinaya
Ndịihe kemịkal Ha bụ ihe anaghị enwe ike ibelata ma ọ bụ tụba n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ dị mfe. Maka nke a, enwere ike ịsị na mmewere bụ ihe niile okwu mere site atọm nke otu na otu pụrụiche.
Nkọwa mbụ nke chemical mmewere Lavoisier webatara ya na Traité Élémentaire de Chimie, na 1789. Laa azụ na narị afọ nke 18, Lavoisier kewara ihe ndị dị mfe ụzọ anọ:
- Ihe nke ahụ;
- Ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla nwere oxidizable na acidifiable;
- Ngwongwo ọla nwere ike ịpụta na acidifiable, yana ...
- Ngwongwo ụwa nwere nnu.
Tebụl oge nke ihe
Taa A maara ihe kemịkal 119, nke kewara na ngụkọta nke otu 18 na oge 7. A na -achịkọta ihe ndị a niile na eserese eserese nke a maara dị ka tebụl oge nke ihe, nke onye ọka mmụta Russia Dimitri Mendeleyev mepụtara na mbụ. 1869.
Ndị ndị isi nke enwere ike ịchọta na tebụl a bụ ọla alkali, ọla ala alkaline, ọla mgbanwe (nke bụ otu kachasị), ọla nchigharị, metalloids, enweghị ọla (ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ndụ dị ebe a, dịka oxygen na nitrogen), halogens, Ezigbo gases, na n'ikpeazụ, enwere ihe abụọ dị iche iche dị iche iche, lanthanides na actinides, nke a na -akpọkarị ụwa dị ka ụwa na -adịghị ahụkebe (ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ bara ụba).
Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a nwere isotopes redioaktivu. Ihe kemịkal nwere njiri mara dị ka isi esi na nke njikọ, electronegativity, njupụta radius ionic, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Njirimara ndị a dị mkpa n'ihi na ha na -enye ohere ịkọ agwa ya, mmeghachi omume ya, wdg.
Atụmatụ na data
Ngwurugwu kemịkal ọ bụla na -egosi na ọ nwere ọtụtụ ihe. Nke mbụ, ihe kpatara ya akara eluigwe na ala, nke nwere otu mkpụrụedemede abụọ ma ọ bụ abụọ (site na mgbakọ, ọ bụrụ na enwere mkpụrụedemede abụọ, edere nke mbụ na nnukwu mkpụrụedemede na nke ọzọ na obere mkpụrụedemede).
N'elu na n'aka ekpe pụtara obere mkpụrụedemede sunọmba atọm, nke bụ nke na -egosi ọnụọgụ proton nke ihe a nwere. Mgbe ahụ aha mmewere na n'okpuru nke a ọnụọgụ na -egosi akara atomic mass na gram kwa mole.
Ihe dị iche iche nwere mpịakọta atọm na -agbanwe agbanwe, ka ọnụ ọgụgụ protons dị na akwara na -abawanye, otú ahụ ka ọ na -enwe mmasị na elektrọn, yabụ na olu ya na -agbada ibelata. Mgbe olu atọm dị ntakịrị, elektrọn nọ na elu elu igwe ojii na -enwe mmasị na oghere, yabụ na ha anaghị ada mbà ngwa ngwa. Ihe dị iche na -eme na ihe ndị nwere oke atọm atọm: ha na -ahapụ elektrọnị elu ha n'ụzọ dị mfe.
Ọmụmaatụ nke ihe kemịkal
Ihe kemịkal | Akara |
Actinium | Ọrụ |
Aluminom | Na nke |
Americium | A.M |
Antimony | Sb |
Argon | Ar |
Arsenic | Ace |
Astat | Na |
Sọlfọ | S |
Barium | Ba |
Beryllium | Bụrụ |
Berkelium | Bk |
Bismuth | Bi |
Bohrio | Bh |
Boron | B |
Bromine | Br |
Cadmium | CD |
Calcium | AC |
Californium | Cf |
Carbon | C. |
Cerium | EC |
Cesium | Cs |
Chlorine | Cl |
Kobalt | Co |
Ọla kọpa | Cu |
Chrome | Kr |
Curium | Cm |
Darmstadio | Ds |
Dysprosium | Dy |
Dubnium | Db |
Einsteinium | Ọ bụ |
Erbium | Ndewo |
Scandium | Sc |
Gbamgbam | Sn |
Strontium | Maazị |
Europium | Ọ |
Fermium | Fm |
Fluorine | F |
Dakọtara | P |
Francius | Fr |
Gadolinium | Gd |
Gallium | Ga |
Germanium | Ge |
Hafnium | Hf |
Hassio | Hs |
Helium | Enwere m |
Mmiri | H |
Gwè | Okwukwe |
Holmium | Ho |
Onye India | N'ime |
Ayodiin | M |
Iridium | Ịga |
Ytterbium | Yb |
Yttrium | NA |
Krypton | Kr |
Lanthanum | Ndị |
Lawrencio | Lr |
Lithium | Li |
Lutetium | Ọnwa |
Magnesium | Mg |
Manganese | Mn |
Meitnerius | Mt |
Mendelevium | Md |
Mercury | Hg |
Molybdenum | Mo |
Neodymium | Na |
Neon | Ne |
Neptunium | Np |
Niobium | Nb |
Nickel | Ọ dịghị |
Nitrogen ihe | N |
Nobelio | Mba |
Ọlaedo | Ahu |
Osmium | Ị |
Oxygen | Ma ọ bụ |
Palladium | P.S |
Ọlaọcha | Ag |
Platinum | Pt |
Buru ụzọ | Pb |
Plutonium | Pu |
Polonium | Po |
Potassium | K |
Praseodymium | Mbụ |
Prometius | P.m |
Protactinium | Pa |
Redio | Ra |
Radon | Rn |
Rhenium | Re |
Rọdium | Rh |
Rubidium | Rb |
Ruthenium | Ru |
Rutherfordio | Rf |
Samarium | Ee |
Seaborgio | Sg |
Selenium | ama m |
Silica | Ee |
Sodium | Na |
Thallium | Tl |
Tantalum | Ta |
Technetium | Tc |
Tellurium | Tii |
Terbium | Tb |
Titanium | Ị |
Thorium | Th |
Thulium | Tm |
Ọdịdị | Uub |
Ununhex | Uuh |
Njikọ | Ahuhu |
Ununoctium | Uuo |
Ununpentium | Azụ |
Ununquadio | Agụ |
Ununseptio | Ọdụ |
Ununtrium | Ahịhịa |
Uranium | Ma ọ bụ |
Vanadium | V |
Tungsten | W |
Xenon | Xe |
Zinc | Zn |
Zirconium | Zr |
Ọ nwere ike ijere gị ozi:
- Ihe Nlereanya nke ogige kemịkalụ
- Ihe Nlereanya nke Mmeghachi Omume Chemical
- Ihe Nlereanya nke Chemical Phenomena
- Ihe Nlereanya nke Ọla na Ọla