Ndinaya
Ndị alkenes bụ ogige nke nwere agbụ carbon-carbon okpukpu abụọ, na-aza usoro molekul C.nH2n; A na -akpọkwa alkenes inorganic olefins ma kwekọọ na otu hydrocarbons aliphatics na -adịghị edozi ahụ, dị mkpa na mmepụta mmanụ ala.
Enwere mkpụmkpụ, ọkara ma ọ bụ ogologo ogologo; enwekwara alkenes cyclic ma ọ bụ cycloalkenes na enwerekwa alkenes n'ime ogige organic.
Ndịalkenes, nwere njikọ carbon-carbon okpukpu abụọ, nwere obere hydrogens karịa alkane yana ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ atọ carbon. E gosiputara ọnọdụ nke njikọ abụọ ahụ site na ịtinye tupu mgbakwunye "-otu"Nkọwapụta Latin nke na -egosi ọnụọgụ carbon ebe njikọ abụọ na -amalite (tetra, penta, octa, wdg); A na -akpọ ndị nnọchi anya (na -abụkarị chlorine, bromine, ethyl, methyl, wdg) dị ka nganiihu (na mbido aha), zuru ezu na n'usoro.
Rịba ama: Nyere etu aha kemịkal siri sie ike dịka ụkpụrụ IUPAC nwere ike ịdị, ọtụtụ alkenes sitere n'okike nwere aha mara mma, na -emetụtakarị ebe sitere n'okike.
Ndị alkenes ihe ruru carbons anọ bụ gas na ụlọ okpomọkụ, ndị nwere katọn 4 ruo 18 bụ ihe ọ liụ .ụ na ndị kacha ogologo bụ siri ike. A na -agbaze ha na ihe mgbaze anụ ahụ dịka ether ma ọ bụ mmanya na -aba n'anya, ọ dịkwa ntakịrị karịa alkanes kwekọrọ, n'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ebe na -agbaze ala na ebe esi esi. N'ihi esemokwu nke ejikọtara ọnụ abụọ na -ewepụta, ohere dị n'etiti atom carbon bụ 1.34 angstroms na alkene, yana 1.50 angstroms na alkane kwekọrọ.
Ha na -enye a mmeghachi omume dị elu karịa alkanes, kpomkwem n'ihi na o nwere agbụ abụọ ahụ, nke nwere ike imebi ma kwe ka mgbakwunye atọm ndị ọzọỌtụtụ mgbe, halogens ma ọ bụ hydrogen. Ha nwekwara ike ịhụ oxidation na polymerization. Alkenes na-enwekarị isomerism cis-trans ma ọ bụ stereoisomerism, ebe ọ bụ na carbon carbon ejikọtara na njikọ abụọ enweghị ike ịtụgharị na nke a na-emepụta ụgbọ elu dị iche iche. A na -akpọ alkenes nwere agbụ abụọ abụọ dienes, a na -akpọkwa ndị nwere ihe karịrị agbụ abụọ abụọ polyenes.
Na osisi ụwa alkenes bara ụba nke ukwuu ma nwee nnukwu ọrụ ahụike, dị ka nhazi nke usoro mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bụ nzacha nke ụfọdụ radieshon anyanwụ. Ọdịdị kemịkal nke alkenes organic na -adịkarị mgbagwoju anya yana gụnyere eriri na mgbaaka carbon. Mkpụrụ osisi ụfọdụ dị ka karọt ma ọ bụ tomato, na ụfọdụ crustaceans dị ka nshịkọ, na -emepụta nnukwu beta carotene, alkene dị mkpa nke na -ebute vitamin A.
Ọmụmaatụ nke alkenes
| Ethylene ma ọ bụ ethene | 2-methyl propene (nke a na-akpọ propene) |
| Cholesterol | 5,6-dimethyl-3-propyl-heptene |
| Butadiene | cycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene |
| Lycopene | tetrafluoroethylene |
| Geraniol | 5-bromo-3-methyl-3-hexene |
| Limonene | Rhodopsin |
| Mycenae | Propene ma ọ bụ propylene |
| Butene | 7,7,8-trimethyl-3,5-nonadiene |
| Lanosterol | 3,3 diethyl-1,4-hexadiene |
| Kafur | Mentofuran |
Ọ nwere ike ijere gị ozi:
- Ihe Nlereanya nke Alkanes
- Ihe Nlereanya nke Hydrocarbons
- Ihe Nlereanya nke Alkynes
